An organic acid �X� is a liquid which often freezes during winter time in cold countries, has the molecular formula, C2H4O2. On warming it with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a compound �Y� with a sweet smell is formed (i) Identify �X� and �Y�. (ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.
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(i) The organic acid X is ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) and The compound Y is ethyl Ethanoate |
CH3 � COOH + CH3 � CH2OH ----------> (CH3 � C � O � CH2 � CH3 )
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Write name of the following � i. Alkaline earth metal belonging to the third period ii. The alkali metal atom having largest atomic radius iii. The halogen atom belonging to fourth period iv. The element having lowest ionization energy v. The element having second lowest electronegativity
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i. Magnesium ii. Francium iii. Bromine iv. Cesium 375.6 kJ per mole v. Francium 380 kJ per mole
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Organic compound 'x' of molecular formula C2H4O2 gives brisk effervescence with sodium bi carbonate . give name and molecular formula of x with balanced equation
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The compound X is ethanoic acid, commonly known as acetic acid. On reaction with sodium bicarbonate, it forms sodium acetate, water and carbon dioxide gas. Thus the brisk effervescence observed is due to carbon dioxide gas. Its molecular formula is C2H4O2 . Following is the chemical equation for the reaction CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ? CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
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What is Saponification Reaction?
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Esters react in the presence of an acid or a base to give back alcohol and carboxylic acid. This reaction is used in the manufacture of soaps and is known as saponification. Soap, is nothing but the sodium salt of the carboxylate.
CH3COOC2H5 ---(NaOH)--> CH3COOH + C2H5OH
Ester (ethyl ethanoate) --Base (sodium hydroxide)--> Carboxylic Acid (ethanoic acid) + Alcohol (ethanol)
CH3COOH + NaOH -----> CH3COONa + H2O
Carboxylic Acid (Ethanoic Acid) + Base (Sodium Hydroxide) -----> Soap (Sodium Ethanoate / acetate) + Water
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Soaps are not considered as effective cleansing agent. Why?
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Soaps are not considered as effective cleansing agent because it is glyceride salt of soft metal like sodium which works in neutral and alkaline medium but in acidic medium get neutralized to form scum or ppt.
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How does melting and boiling points of hydrocarbon change with the increase in molecular mass ?
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With increase in molar mass, the melting point and boiling points of hydrocarbons increases generally. It is because, with increase in molar mass, the molecule becomes larger and so the van der waal's forces and other binding forces between those molecules become stronger, which holds the particles very firmly together in solid or liquid phase and so it requires more energy to break these bonds and thus the melting and boiling points of the hydrocarbons increases.
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Write down the relevant chemical equation involved in decolourisation.
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Ethene is an unsaturated compound.it has one double bond.When Bromine water(brown in colour) is added to ethene it reacts with ethene to form a new compound 1,2 dibromoethane which is colourless. The colour of bromine water is gone now. Generally bromine water is decolourise by all the compounds that contain double or triple bond. Ethane is a saturated compound with no multiple bond hence does not decolourise Br water CH2 = CH2 + Br2 ----------> Br-CH2 - CH2- Br
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A compound X has molecular formula C3H4 one mole of X reacts with 2 moles of hydrogen to yield a compound Y deduce the structure of X and Y.
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The molecular formula suggests that the molecule is an alkyne, as the general formula for alkyne is CnH2n-2. So, X is propyne. Addition of two moles of hydrogen will form the corresponding alkane, propane (C3H6). So, X is propyne and Y is propane.
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HC � C - CH3 + 2 H2 --------------> CH3 - C H2- CH3
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What is dehydration reaction? Give one example.
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The removal of water molecule from a compound is known as dehydration. Example: Dehydration of alcohols gives alkenes. |
R-CH2-CHOH-R -------------> R-CH=CH-R + H2O
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What is hydrolysis?
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Hydrolysis means addition of water to a molecule resulting in breaking of bonds that are present in the molecule. In scientific language;- Hydrolysis is a type of decomposition reaction where one reactant is water.
The general formula of a hydrolysis reaction is:
AB + H2O ? AH + BOH
Organic hydrolysis reactions involve the reaction of water and a ester. This reaction follows the general formula:
RCO-OR' + H20 ? RCO-OH + R'-OH Dissolving a salt of a weak acid or base in water is an example of a hydrolysis reaction.
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Why doesn�t soap form micelles in ethanol as they form in water?
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A molecule of soap is made up of two parts- a hydrophilic polar end and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon part.In a soap solution, the hydrocarbon portion of several soap molecules huddle together whereas the polar ends project outward into the polar solvent, water. These spherical clusters of hundreds of molecules are called micelle. In organic solvent like ethanol, soap is completely soluble, hence no micelle formation
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Three elements X,Y and Z belong to 17TH group but to 2nd 3th and 4th period respectively. Number of valance electrons in X is 7Find the number of valance electrons in X and Z. |
Since X, Y and Z all three belong to same group that is 17th therefore they all have same number of valence electrons which is equal to 7. Having different period will not affect on the number of valence electrons provided the group number remain same.
The X, Y and Z are Fluorine, chlorine and bromine belonging to 2nd, 3rd and 4th period respectively. |
What is the use of oxyacetylene flame?
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The oxyacetylene flame is a gas torch that burns a mixture of acetylene and oxygen to produce a high-temperature flame (3,000�C or 5,400�F) that can be used for welding, cutting steel, and other metal working.
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What is observed on adding 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate solution drop by drop to some warm ethanol taken in testube. Write the name of the compound formed during chemical reaction.
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When a 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate solution is added drop by drop to some warm ethanol taken in a test tube, magenta colour of alkaline potassium permanganate disappears and ethanol has been changed to carboxylic acid . The reaction is as follows. |
CH3 - CH2OH --------------- > CH3COOH
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How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property?
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To distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property, we take these samples in two separate test tubes. Add sodium hydrogen carbonate in both the test tubes. The test tube, from which the effectiveness evolves, contain carboxylic acid. The effervescence is due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. However, from test tube containing alcohol there is to effervescence, because no carbon dioxide gas is produced there.
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Why are vegetable oils healthy as compared to vegetable ghee ? how are vegetable oils converted into vegetable ghee name the process.
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The fatty acid with a single double bond is called mono unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. oleic acid), and if it has multiple double bonds, it�s polyunsaturated (e.g. linoleic acid). By virtue of their tightly packed structure, the saturated fatty acids increase the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) and clog the arteries. On the other hand, the unsaturated fatty acids increase the levels of good cholesterol (HDL) by taking the LDL to the liver to be broken down and removed from the body. Vegetable oil can be converted into ghee by the process of hydrogenation. The process of conversion of oil into ghee is known hydrogenation. This process is called so because hydrogen is added and it takes place at 4500c and with nickel or palladium as a catalyst. |
CH2=CH2 +H2 ----Ni---------> CH3-CH3
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When acetic acid reacts with X, a salt is formed which on reaction with soda lime gives a gas Y. Identify X and Y
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CH3COOH + NaHCO3 --------------> CH3COONa + H2O +CO2 |
CH3COONa +NaOH ---------- -> CH4 + Na 2 CO3
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�Alkenes form a homologous series" Explain.
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Homologous series is a group or family of compounds that have the same general formula but vary by a single parameter.
Alkenes have general formula, CnH2n and the varying parameter is the length of carbon chain. C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 are members with different number of carbon atoms.
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